CONDITIONS

RENAL CONDITIONS

The kidneys are responsible for the elimination of wastes produced by the body in the form of urine. Inside each kidney, there are about a million tiny structures called nephrons, which filter the blood for waste. This waste is then combined with excess water to form urine, which flows from the kidney through the ureters to the bladder. Renal conditions such as urinary tract infections (UTIs), kidney stones and kidney disease can cause damage to the kidneys and their structures, leaving the kidneys unable to remove wastes from the body. When chronic kidney disease reaches an advanced stage, dangerous levels of fluid, electrolytes and wastes can build up in your body, eventually leading to kidney failure.

Renal conditions and kidney diseases can be caused by injuries, specific medications or genetics. Those with high blood pressure, heart disease or diabetes also have a higher risk of developing kidney disease. Kidney diseases usually affect the nephrons of the kidneys slowly over many years, meaning you may only have signs or symptoms of kidney disease when the disease is in its advanced stage, and kidney functioning has been impaired. Signs and symptoms may include:

• Passing little to no urine
• Shortness of breath
• Fatigue and general weakness
• Decreased mental sharpness
• Muscle twitches and cramps
• Nausea
• Fever or chills
• Swelling in your legs, ankles or feet as a result of fluid retention
• Sharp pain in lower abdomen or back
• Jaundice

If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, you should see your physician. In addition, frequent or recurrent urinary tract infections ought to be managed by Dr Magashule. For those who have a medical condition that increases their risk for kidney disease, in these cases, regular check-ups with your physician are essential.

Depending on the severity of kidney disease, treatment usually consists of medications to help control signs and symptoms, as well as reduce complications through lowering blood pressure and cholesterol, treating anaemia, relieving swelling and following a specialised diet low in waste products. In severe cases, Dr Magashule may refer you to a specialist nephrologist.