CONDITIONS
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Infectious diseases are those who are contagious and can be spread to others either through the air, water, physical contact or exposure to bodily fluids. Infectious diseases can be viral, bacterial or fungal and include a wide variety of conditions affecting various parts of the body. The most prevalent and serious infectious disease in South Africa is TB, HIV, AIDS and associated opportunistic infections. Opportunistic infections affect those with these severe conditions, taking advantage of a weakened immune system.
HIV is spread when one is in contact with bodily fluids such as blood, sexual intercourse of someone infected or through mother-to-child transmission during childbirth. One can live with HIV, living a healthy and fulfilling life for many years. When HIV progresses, it is known as AIDS. Treatment involves ARTs which are aimed at lowering the viral load to prevent AIDS. AIDS is diagnosed when the body is no longer able to fight off infection. The disease attacks the immune system, leaving it susceptible to the opportunistic infections that can be difficult to manage and are often life-threatening.
Opportunistic infections of HIV and AIDS include:
- cryptococcal meningitis
- candidiasis
- cryptosporidiosis
- cytomegalovirus
- wasting syndrome
- hepatitis B and hepatitis C
- recurrent pneumonia
- herpes simplex (HSV)
Tuberculosis (TB) on the other hand is infectious as it is contracted by exposure to tiny droplets that contain the TB bacteria that are released into the air by coughs, sneezes, talks, laughs, or singing of someone with TB. Because it is so contagious, those who suffer from symptoms similar to tuberculosis should see their physician have themselves tested to prevent the spread of the disease in their community. Those with HIV and AIDS are at higher risk of developing tuberculosis, and it is thus often called an opportunistic infection or co-infection of HIV.
Both TB and HIV/AIDS require chronic management from a range of health professionals. Your physician is your go-to healthcare provider for all your health concerns related to your condition. With Dr Magashule's assistance, she can ensure you comply with treatment – be it for any of the above conditions - and live a healthy life. She will also refer you to the necessary specialists when necessary.